• Topic 5 "Nouns of the Third Declension (Plural Number)"

Topic 5 "Nouns of the Third Declension (Plural Number)"

     This is the largest group of nouns and it may be divided into three types: consonant, vowel and mixed.

Consonant type

      The nouns of three genders having a different number of syllables in Nom. and Gen.sing. with the stem ending in one consonant belong to this type. E.g.: articulatio, onis f – joint;

os, oris m – mouth;

Case	Sing.	Case	Plur.
Gender	m    f     n	Gender	m, f                n
Nom.	Different	Nom.	-es                 -a
Gen.	-is	Gen.	-um

Vowel type

         Only neuter nouns which have the endings –e, -al, -ar in Nom.sing. belong to this type. E.g.: rete, is n – network; calcar, aris n – spur.

Case	Sing.	Case	Plur.
Nom.	-e, -al, -ar	Nom.	-ia
Gen.	-is	Gen.	-ium

Mixed type

       Two groups of nouns are declined by this type:

1. nouns equal in syllable number ending in -is, -es in Nom.sing. E.g.: cutis, is f – skin; canalis, is m – canal
2. nouns with different syllable numbers in Nom. and Gen.sing. and the stem ending in two or three consonants.

E.g. frons, frontis f – forehead; os, ossis n – bone

Case	Sing.	Case	Plur.
Gender	m     f     n	Gender	m  f           n
Nom.	different	Nom.	-es            -a
Gen.	-is	Gen.	-ium

 

 

To make the nouns of the III-d declension plural, study the example given below.

For consonant type:

Nominativus Singularis - articulatio

Nominativus Pluralis - articulationes

Genetivus Singularis - articulationis

Genetivus Pluralis - articulationum

For vowel type:

Nominativus Singularis - rete

Nominativus Pluralis - retia

Genetivus Singularis - retis

Genetivus Pluralis - retium

For mixed type:

Nominativus Singularis - dens

Nominativus Pluralis - dentes

Genetivus Singularis - dentis

Genetivus Pluralis - dentium

Remember these anatomical terms.

1. abdomen, abdomĭnis n - abdomen
2. apex, apĭcis, m – apex, top, tip
3. articulatio, articulatiōnis, f - joint
4. auris, auris, f - ear
5. axis, axis m - the second cervical vertebra
6. canalis, is m - canal
7. cartilage, cartilagĭnis, f - cartilage
8. cavitas, cavitātis, f - cavity
9. coccyx, ygis m - coccyx
10. cor, cordis n - heart
11. cortex, ĭcis m - cortex
12. crus, cruris n - shin
13. dens, dentis m - tooth
14. exemplar, exemplaris n - example
15. fel, felis n - bile
16. femur, femŏris n - thigh
17. flos, floris, m - flower
18. fornix, icis m - fornix
19. gaster, tris f - stomach
20. hepar, hepătis n - liver
21. hirudo, hirūdinis , f - leech
22. homo, homĭnis, m - human being
23. incus, incūdis, f - anvil
24. lac, lactis n - milk
25. larynx, ngis m - larynx
26. lien, liēnis m (Latin) - spleen
27. margo, ĭnis m - margin
28. mater, tris f - mother; mater
29. occiput, occipĭtis n - occiput
30. os, oris n - mouth
31. paries, parĭētis, m - wall
32. pars, partis,f -  part
33. pater, patris, m - father
34. pectus, pectŏris n - breast
35. pes, pedis, - foot
36. pharynx, ngis m - pharynx
37. pulmo, pulmōnis, m - lung
38. pulvis, ĕris m - powder
39. radix, radīcis, f - radix (root)
40. ren, renis m – kidney
41. rete, retis n – network
42. salus, salūtis, f - health
43. splen, splenis m (Greek) - spleen
44. systema, ătis n - system
45. tabes, tabis, f - tabes
46. tendo, ĭnis m - tendon
47. thorax, acis m - chest
48. trochanter, ēris m - trochanter
49. tumor, tumōris, m - tumor
50. unguis, is m - nail
51. vomer, voměris, m - vomer

Names of muscles:

1. Muscŭlus constrictor - constrictor (muscle)

2. Muscŭlus depressor - depressor (muscle)

3. Muscŭlus levātor - elevator (muscle)

4. Muscŭlus rotātor - rotator (muscle)

5. Muscŭlus tensor - tensor (muscle)